Monday, September 3, 2018

ျမန္မာ Burmese, အေမရိကား-စင္ကာပူခရီးသြားျခင္းအေၾကာင္း

ခရီးသွားဆောင်းပါးပေါင်းချုပ် .. ငွေအကုန်ကျများ၍ စာအုပ်အဖြစ် မရောက်သေးပါ။
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48270726/Tour-oversea-burmese

USA တနှစ်တာ ဘလောက်မှာရေးခဲ့တာတွေထဲက အချို့ကို Attach လုပ်ပေးလိုက်ပါတယ်။ အထူးသဖြင့် စာမျက်နှာ ၅၁ - ၅၉ Page 51-59 မှာ ကားမောင်းတဲ့အကြောင်းနည်းနည်းရေးထားပါတယ်။
http://murann.com/documents/usa.10.month.in.2008.some.pages.of.300p.pdf

ရေးတဲ့စတိုင်က ဆရာလုပ်ချင်တဲ့ပုံစံရှိပေမဲ့ စာရေးသူတို့ထုံးစံအတိုင်း စေတများနဲ့ရေးလိုက်တာကြောင့် အမှားတွေပါမှာပါ။ ပါတဲ့ အမှားတွေကိုလည်း ကျွန်တော့်ကို မသိသောသူများ၊ ကျွန်တော့်ကို နားလည်မယ် မျှော်လင့်ပါကြောင်း..

ဝတ်မှုန် (စင်ကာပူ)
ဇွန်လ - ၂၀၁၁

Singapore

For those interested Burmese Society

Posted by witmone.singapore , Reader : 7202 , 20:02:01   
 Print

Burmese Society in Singapore

During 1991 (3 years after the bloody 1988 uprising), Singapore immigration started to accept many Burmese work passes (Employment Pass - E.P).  Before that period, to get Employment Pass in Singapore is quite difficult.  That time, our country’s official name was still BURMA but military rulers simply changed to MYANMAR. Anyway, most of young Singaporeans know MYANMAR but westerners, senior Singaporeans and we Burmese still prefer the name BURMA.

General Ne Win staged the coup in 1962 from democratic government and governed in communist style except that religions are allowed.  Ne Win seized all private businesses and made state owned.  After military ruled for 26 years, Burma was declared as LDC (Least Developed Country) and later in 1988, democracy uprising occurred.  Burma’s communist style party (so called Burmese Socialist Programme Party) collapsed afterwards, and later Communist Party in China restructured in 1989 and Communist Party in Soviet Union collapsed too.

Ne Win and his government resigned.  New generals governed with old generals’  advice at the beginning. In 1988 uprising, thousands were shot dead in the streets of Rangoon (now called Yangon). More than 100,000 students and people fled to the jungles to fight back the military junta. 18 armed ethnic groups who are still fighting against the junta, welcomed the fleeing Burmese people.  Due to deadly jungle diseases and many other circumstances, thousands died in the Jungle.  To prevent those anti-government groups to come back to their home towns, Junta simply scrapped all citizens’ registration cards (ICs). New ICs with different numbering system were issued to all citizens. 

Military allowed general election as they promised just after the coup, assuming that pro-military party (National Unity Party) will win. To their surprise, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s  NLD (National League for Democracy) won by landslide with 91% vote.  Military generals never recognized the result and put Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest for about total 18 years. General Saw Maung who allowed the free and fare general election slowly fade away and General Than Shwe became top general in 1992.  New military government tried to run the country by allowing foreign investments in Burma without changing the political system. After they tried for 18 years, at least 3 millions Burmese left the country mainly for economic reason.  Most of the educated people (middle class) have difficulties to survive.  All government ministries and departments are controlled  by military generals. Corruption can be found everywhere, even at the level of  primary and secondary education examinations. You can bribe to get the excellent result. The junta has succeeded in reaching ceasefire agreements with all armed ethnic groups except one (Karen ethnic group, KNU). But these agreements were not the solutions as all the groups are still allowed to keep their weapons.

Due to those reasons, a lot of educated Burmese families have migrated to other countries, in significant numbers to Singapore.  Some are migrated to other democratic countries such as USA, Australia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and EU.  A few millions Burmese who do not have passport are smuggled into Thailand and Malaysia  as illegal workers.  According to an article in the Straits Times dated 8 October 2007, at least 3 millions people are outside the country.  Over 2 millions to Thailand, 28,000 to  Malaysia, 30,000 to Singapore, 50,000 to USA, 7,000 to  Japan, 20,000 to Australia, 10,000 to China, 2,000 to South Korea, 3,000 to India,  2,000 to Germany, 3,500 to Canada, 1,500 to Norway, etc.  Many Burmese died at 2004 Tsunami disaster in Phuket area , Thailand as unknown bodies due to the fact that relatives of dead Burmese were afraid off  being sent back to Burma by Thai authority. Those illegal Burmese worked in low paid industries where local people are not willing to work.  Similarly, many Burmese  are illegally smuggled from Thailand into better pay jobs in Malaysia especially in KL, Penang, JB, etc...   We can find some Burmese waiters and waitresses in some shops and hotels in KL.

Major migration starts after 1988

Early Burmese migrants to Singapore are engineering graduates.  They found works in ship repair and service industry due to the fact that local Singaporeans dislike those kinds of jobs. Then, degree holders with experience in accounting, geology and nursing, and skilled technicians were welcomed by Singapore. After some years, Burmese youths started to study in Singapore polytechnics for diploma. They understood that education is the only way to improve their lives.   Many graduate students from Burma are also accepted into NUS and NTU master programs. After receiving their certificates from Singapore Institutions, some are granted permanence resident status in Singapore. Many ‘government -to-government’ staffs also started to flow into various industries in Singapore.  Burmese migration to Singapore is greatly seen after Burma became an ASEAN member. 

Dr. Mahathir, who was then the prime minister of Malaysia, brought the junta into ASEAN. UN has appointed Malaysian diplomat Mr Razali Ismail as Burmese envoy to mediate between the junta and the opposition.  It has failed.  Before the retirement, Dr. Mahathir officially mentioned that "I regret, brought Burma into ASEAN". Recently Singapore Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew mentioned to San Francisco media that "they are rather dumb generals economically, Singapore hoteliers who have sunk millions of dollars on his advice, have now found their hotels empty".

Detained Noble Peace Price winner Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has written a very famous book named, "FREEDOM FROM FEAR". But most of the Burmese are still in fear of Junta who use very heavy jailed sentences and tortures on those political prisoners.  One must be very careful to form a charity and a society in Burma as Junta dislikes any society without their management.   All societies in Burma are closely monitored by Junta.  In Singapore, just two official societies linked to Burma are registered under Singapore registry of society, "Myanmar Club" and "Myanmar Business Association".  The rest are Buddhist and Christian religious societies such as, "Burmese Buddhist Temple – Toa Payoh", "Shwedagon Society", "SMC Meditation Center - Havelock Rd", "Mahamuni Buddhist Society - Clementi", "VIPASSANA MEDITATION CENTRE - Paya Lebar", "Judson Baptist Church - Novena", "Karen Baptist Church", etc…  Their addresses can be found at website.

Little Myanmar (Peninsula Plaza)

Peninsula Plaza is the Burmese gathering point in Singapore.  Before 1991, Burmese sailors’ gathering point is in China Town. A shop named Thanlwin was famous to sailors to buy things or  to send their monies back to Myanmar.  After 1991, another shop "Yadana" started to open in Peninsula. (Now this shop is no longer operating).  Second shop is Tawwin which is operating at 3rd floor of Peninsula Plaza.   Estimated 100 Burmese shops are now operating in Peninsula Plaza and Peninsula Hotel, mostly in 2nd to 5th floors of Peninsula Plaza.  Most shops are in the business of sending money back to their relatives at home. It is called, "hondi" business.  Burmese never believe in their government banking system. Official rate is S$1.00 equals 3 kyats at government bank.  But black market rate is S$1.00 equals ~900 kyats.  They just give S$ dollars to the shops and their relatives can collect equivalent kyats in one to three days at any cities in Burma. Those shops deal with their partner shops in Yangon. If someone need Singapore dollars in Singapore, their relative gives equivalent kyats to Yangon shop.  On their paydays in Singapore, many workers send their Singapore dollars to their relatives via those hondi shops in Peninsula Plaza.

Beside from those hondi shops, today you can find some restaurants and others such as beauty saloons, barber shop, Burmese fish & prawn, jewelry, computers, clinic, lawyer, astrologist, consultancy, work agents, HDB agents, property agent, internet cyber cafes operating daily with thousands of Burmese shoppers. There is a Myanmar Club providing Burmese language classes.  At the 5th floor, a Burmese Library was opened by a group of Burmese.  In Burmese, it is pronounced as "Lan-Pya-Kye", meaning "Guiding Star" in English. This library accepts donation of  books in Burmese language. Members can borrow these books free of charge.  Membership fee is SGD10 dollars for 6 months.  Their main purpose is to maintain Burmese language in Singapore.  They also have a notice board to display information related to Burmese community in Singapore.

Burmese Students

As Indian and Chinese migrated to Singapore earlier, Burmese follow their foot steps.  They tried to live in Singapore by various methods such as work permit, business, study in government and private institutions, etc… Most popular method is to study in Singapore because Singapore education is considered one of the best in the world.  Parents in our region like to send their children to study in Singapore. Another reason, Singapore has least criminal case in this region, peaceful and disciplined.  Now a lot of children from Asean study in Singapore although the cost is not cheap but if they study in private schools in other popular countries such as Australia, US and UK, etc…, cost will be much higher.  Most Burmese try to get entry into government schools to save cost. Some children, who are not qualified for government schools, entered private schools resulting higher cost. The most famous schools are "hotel management", "casino management", "art schools", "design schools" and some private style courses now run by SMU and NUS.  A lot of Language schools, business schools, accounting ACCA, LCCI schools, IT schools such as Informatics, etc… are now targeting foreign students. Benefit for student after getting their certificates is that they are allowed to work in Singapore.

Tax to Burmese Embassy

Most of the Burmese hate to go Burmese Embassy but they have no choice.  Government issues passport with about 45 pages only and validity of passport is 1 to 3 years.  If they want to extend their passport, they have to pay tax to Burmese government. Amount payable depends on their salary. Normally 10% of their salary is imposed to every Burmese all over the world exclusive of England which is still using double tax agreement. Most poly graduates and degree holders paid S$80 to 160 depending on their salary. For example, for a Burmese started working in Singapore since 1991 until now has already paid (150 dollars x 12 months x 16 years) 28,800 dollars to Embassy.  If monthly saving of S$150 for 16 years with 3% interest will be easily 40K.  Burmese cannot avoid this embassy tax because their passport can only be renewed by Embassy. If they want to visit home town in Burma, they also have to get certificate of tax clearance from Embassy. Paying tax to Singapore government is logical for Burmese working in Singapore but very strange to pay to Burmese Government.  Both countries have no double taxation agreement but Embassy made it legal collection by demanding everyone to write application letter, "I myself willing to pay tax to my country".  Some work permit holders work so hard as health assistance in old folks home and earn S$300 per month.  They are asked to pay S$40 to 60 dollars per month and it is 15% to 20% of their salary. It is unfair but there is no choice for all Burmese because they need to extend their passport validity.
A Burmese group called DTASG , "Double Taxation Agreement - Singapore"  started campaign in January 2007.  Today newspaper published widely on their movement for Embassy to stop taxing Burmese. The group sent signatures to Embassy, Myanmar government minister and even Singapore government body. But it is still an un-solved issue.  Now, after the Burma Monk Crisis, DTASG campaign initiated again.

 World Records

Burma is the most unfamiliar country in this region.  When Singaporeans visit to Myanmar, a lot of different or unexpected experiences will be observed.

Burmese people are very friendly and poor but mostly are educated at least secondary education. They love to read books. Burma has snowcapped mountains, at the same time they have very hot region like Africa. Climate similar to Singapore also can be found. Estimated 5 millions Chinese and 5 million Indian are mixed with local Burmese ethnics and they all speak Burmese language.  Local currency is called ‘Kyats’. Coins are no longer in use and notes are old and dirty.  Cars and trucks are not depreciative items, keeping them is considered investment, probably due to high inflation.  They carry monies with gunny sacks as no one trusts banks to save their money. World oldest generals are living in Burma.  To buy a hand phone line in Singapore cost nothing (of course with a contract) but in Burma, it  costs more than S$2000. To get internet access to home or office is very difficult.  ~S$20 is monthly income for basic worker. But rich people are getting very much richer. They owned many cars which are paid in cash not by installment. Middle class is disappearing.  To get a passport is quite difficult and costly.  If a Burmese passport is lost or stolen, a new passport will cost us S$1000 plus, and have to wait for months to get a new one. Burmese passport is required to have a visa for all countries. Even Burmese  who wants to visit his own country also must go to Embassy and get approval letter. Funny or strange!!

Burmese Groups

There are many un-official Burmese groups in Singapore.  The most famous and biggest  is called exRIT group.  In Burma, there was only one Engineering University called "Rangoon Institute of Technology - RIT".  Engineers who graduated from RIT are exRIT and they have annual gathering in Burmese New Year which falls on the same days as Thailand’s "Sonkran Festival".  We call it, "water festival" and throwing water to each other to welcome the New Year.  Normally it falls at second week of April. Since 2001, annual gathering started in Singapore together with "Saya Pu Zaw Pwe".   Saya means teacher in Burmese language.  In Burmese culture especially Buddhists, everyone paid respect to five most important things in their lives,  "Buddha, Dharma (teaching of Buddha),  Sangha (monks), parents and teachers".  Even for non-Buddhists, teachers are well respected in Burma. Pu Zaw Pwe means "paid respect"  which is to  "pay obeisance with one's hands clasped palm to palm and raised to touch one's forehead". Estimated 3000 engineering students invited their former teachers from Burma and abroad, and paid respect together inside the Toa Payoh Buddhist temple (Burmese Buddhist Temple). Burmese have  difficulty to form official groups due to the fact that military junta is actively monitoring Burmese activities in Singapore.  Junta’s intelligent agents (Military Intelligence, MI) are suspected living in  Singapore with Junta family and  protecting their businesses. Therefore, Burmese in Singapore are afraid to form an official Burmese society.  Most un-official groups are found in 5 Polytechnic schools and 3 Universities (NTU, NUS, SMU).  Their yahoo e-groups can be found in cyberspace.  Due to plenty of Burmese migrated to Singapore since 2005, many celebrities and artists from Myanmar are invited to music performances in Singapore. Famous singers entertain in Burmese. Burmese famous music bands like "Empire", "Iron Cross" and "Thu Maung traditional music group" are regular visiting to Singapore.  Also, a lot of famous Buddhist monks are invited to teach local Burmese and Chinese Buddhists.
Not only Engineering society, now geologist, doctor, nurse, lawyer, accountant, teacher also are already established in Singapore.  The strongest group is "healthcare group" with medical doctors, specialist doctors, nurses, x-ray, physiologist, dentist, etc… can be found in all Singapore hospitals. Local Polytechnic trained Burmese nurses can also be found in NUH, SGH, Mount E, Alexandra and Changhi hospital ..etc.

Next generation Burmese

Now, many Burmese are converting to Singapore citizenship especially younger generation.  Their main reason is to avoid paying Embassy tax which is huge amount to them. It is also to  get privileges from government for education grants, job opportunities and to hold Singapore passport. But majority are still holding Burmese passport with PR, Work permit, S-Pass and EP, etc…Off course, Myanmar education system also affected and Military General’s children also trying to study oversea. Very rich people and top military officer’s children can study to developed countries such as UK, Australia, USA, USA.  Majority students can not effort.  Only Singapore is a future education hub for Burmese youths. After they completed Diploma, Degree or Master, mostly they work in Singapore companies.   If Burma has a democratically elected government in the near future, some may be going back  to help build the country back which has lost all the infrastructures. But some Burmese are likely to stay put in Singapore and mixed with Singaporean in future. 

End.
  14-oct-2007   Concern for Burma /Myanmar




ခရီးသြားေဆာင္းပါးေပါင္းခ်ဳပ္ .. ေငြအကုန္က်မ်ား၍ စာအုပ္အျဖစ္ မေရာက္ေသးပါ။
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48270726/Tour-oversea-burmese


USA တႏွစ္တာ ဘေလာက္မွာေရးခဲ့တာေတြထဲက အခ်ိဳ႔ကို Attach လုပ္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ စာမ်က္ႏွာ ၅၁ - ၅၉ Page 51-59 မွာ ကားေမာင္းတဲ့အေၾကာင္းနည္းနည္းေရးထားပါတယ္။
http://murann.com/documents/usa.10.month.in.2008.some.pages.of.300p.pdf

ေရးတဲ့စတိုင္က ဆရာလုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့ပံုစံရွိေပမဲ့ စာေရးသူတို႔ထံုးစံအတိုင္း ေစတမ်ားနဲ႔ေရးလိုက္တာေၾကာင့္ အမွားေတြပါမွာပါ။ ပါတဲ့ အမွားေတြကိုလည္း ကြ်န္ေတာ့္ကို မသိေသာသူမ်ား၊ ကြ်န္ေတာ့္ကို နားလည္မယ္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ပါေၾကာင္း..

၀တ္မႈန္ (စင္ကာပူ)
ဇြန္လ - ၂၀၁၁



Singapore
For those interested Burmese Society
Posted by witmone.singapore , Reader : 7202 , 20:02:01   
 Print


Burmese Society in Singapore
During 1991 (3 years after the bloody 1988 uprising), Singapore immigration started to accept many Burmese work passes (Employment Pass - E.P).  Before that period, to get Employment Pass in Singapore is quite difficult.  That time, our country’s official name was still BURMA but military rulers simply changed to MYANMAR. Anyway, most of young Singaporeans know MYANMAR but westerners, senior Singaporeans and we Burmese still prefer the name BURMA.

General Ne Win staged the coup in 1962 from democratic government and governed in communist style except that religions are allowed.  Ne Win seized all private businesses and made state owned.  After military ruled for 26 years, Burma was declared as LDC (Least Developed Country) and later in 1988, democracy uprising occurred.  Burma’s communist style party (so called Burmese Socialist Programme Party) collapsed afterwards, and later Communist Party in China restructured in 1989 and Communist Party in Soviet Union collapsed too.

Ne Win and his government resigned.  New generals governed with old generals’  advice at the beginning. In 1988 uprising, thousands were shot dead in the streets of Rangoon (now called Yangon). More than 100,000 students and people fled to the jungles to fight back the military junta. 18 armed ethnic groups who are still fighting against the junta, welcomed the fleeing Burmese people.  Due to deadly jungle diseases and many other circumstances, thousands died in the Jungle.  To prevent those anti-government groups to come back to their home towns, Junta simply scrapped all citizens’ registration cards (ICs). New ICs with different numbering system were issued to all citizens. 
Military allowed general election as they promised just after the coup, assuming that pro-military party (National Unity Party) will win. To their surprise, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s  NLD (National League for Democracy) won by landslide with 91% vote.  Military generals never recognized the result and put Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest for about total 18 years. General Saw Maung who allowed the free and fare general election slowly fade away and General Than Shwe became top general in 1992.  New military government tried to run the country by allowing foreign investments in Burma without changing the political system. After they tried for 18 years, at least 3 millions Burmese left the country mainly for economic reason.  Most of the educated people (middle class) have difficulties to survive.  All government ministries and departments are controlled  by military generals. Corruption can be found everywhere, even at the level of  primary and secondary education examinations. You can bribe to get the excellent result. The junta has succeeded in reaching ceasefire agreements with all armed ethnic groups except one (Karen ethnic group, KNU). But these agreements were not the solutions as all the groups are still allowed to keep their weapons.
Due to those reasons, a lot of educated Burmese families have migrated to other countries, in significant numbers to Singapore.  Some are migrated to other democratic countries such as USA, Australia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and EU.  A few millions Burmese who do not have passport are smuggled into Thailand and Malaysia  as illegal workers.  According to an article in the Straits Times dated 8 October 2007, at least 3 millions people are outside the country.  Over 2 millions to Thailand, 28,000 to  Malaysia, 30,000 to Singapore, 50,000 to USA, 7,000 to  Japan, 20,000 to Australia, 10,000 to China, 2,000 to South Korea, 3,000 to India,  2,000 to Germany, 3,500 to Canada, 1,500 to Norway, etc.  Many Burmese died at 2004 Tsunami disaster in Phuket area , Thailand as unknown bodies due to the fact that relatives of dead Burmese were afraid off  being sent back to Burma by Thai authority. Those illegal Burmese worked in low paid industries where local people are not willing to work.  Similarly, many Burmese  are illegally smuggled from Thailand into better pay jobs in Malaysia especially in KL, Penang, JB, etc...   We can find some Burmese waiters and waitresses in some shops and hotels in KL.


Major migration starts after 1988
Early Burmese migrants to Singapore are engineering graduates.  They found works in ship repair and service industry due to the fact that local Singaporeans dislike those kinds of jobs. Then, degree holders with experience in accounting, geology and nursing, and skilled technicians were welcomed by Singapore. After some years, Burmese youths started to study in Singapore polytechnics for diploma. They understood that education is the only way to improve their lives.   Many graduate students from Burma are also accepted into NUS and NTU master programs. After receiving their certificates from Singapore Institutions, some are granted permanence resident status in Singapore. Many ‘government -to-government’ staffs also started to flow into various industries in Singapore.  Burmese migration to Singapore is greatly seen after Burma became an ASEAN member. 

Dr. Mahathir, who was then the prime minister of Malaysia, brought the junta into ASEAN. UN has appointed Malaysian diplomat Mr Razali Ismail as Burmese envoy to mediate between the junta and the opposition.  It has failed.  Before the retirement, Dr. Mahathir officially mentioned that "I regret, brought Burma into ASEAN". Recently Singapore Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew mentioned to San Francisco media that "they are rather dumb generals economically, Singapore hoteliers who have sunk millions of dollars on his advice, have now found their hotels empty".

Detained Noble Peace Price winner Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has written a very famous book named, "FREEDOM FROM FEAR". But most of the Burmese are still in fear of Junta who use very heavy jailed sentences and tortures on those political prisoners.  One must be very careful to form a charity and a society in Burma as Junta dislikes any society without their management.   All societies in Burma are closely monitored by Junta.  In Singapore, just two official societies linked to Burma are registered under Singapore registry of society, "Myanmar Club" and "Myanmar Business Association".  The rest are Buddhist and Christian religious societies such as, "Burmese Buddhist Temple – Toa Payoh", "Shwedagon Society", "SMC Meditation Center - Havelock Rd", "Mahamuni Buddhist Society - Clementi", "VIPASSANA MEDITATION CENTRE - Paya Lebar", "Judson Baptist Church - Novena", "Karen Baptist Church", etc…  Their addresses can be found at website.

Little Myanmar (Peninsula Plaza)
Peninsula Plaza is the Burmese gathering point in Singapore.  Before 1991, Burmese sailors’ gathering point is in China Town. A shop named Thanlwin was famous to sailors to buy things or  to send their monies back to Myanmar.  After 1991, another shop "Yadana" started to open in Peninsula. (Now this shop is no longer operating).  Second shop is Tawwin which is operating at 3rd floor of Peninsula Plaza.   Estimated 100 Burmese shops are now operating in Peninsula Plaza and Peninsula Hotel, mostly in 2nd to 5th floors of Peninsula Plaza.  Most shops are in the business of sending money back to their relatives at home. It is called, "hondi" business.  Burmese never believe in their government banking system. Official rate is S$1.00 equals 3 kyats at government bank.  But black market rate is S$1.00 equals ~900 kyats.  They just give S$ dollars to the shops and their relatives can collect equivalent kyats in one to three days at any cities in Burma. Those shops deal with their partner shops in Yangon. If someone need Singapore dollars in Singapore, their relative gives equivalent kyats to Yangon shop.  On their paydays in Singapore, many workers send their Singapore dollars to their relatives via those hondi shops in Peninsula Plaza.

Beside from those hondi shops, today you can find some restaurants and others such as beauty saloons, barber shop, Burmese fish & prawn, jewelry, computers, clinic, lawyer, astrologist, consultancy, work agents, HDB agents, property agent, internet cyber cafes operating daily with thousands of Burmese shoppers. There is a Myanmar Club providing Burmese language classes.  At the 5th floor, a Burmese Library was opened by a group of Burmese.  In Burmese, it is pronounced as "Lan-Pya-Kye", meaning "Guiding Star" in English. This library accepts donation of  books in Burmese language. Members can borrow these books free of charge.  Membership fee is SGD10 dollars for 6 months.  Their main purpose is to maintain Burmese language in Singapore.  They also have a notice board to display information related to Burmese community in Singapore.

Burmese Students
As Indian and Chinese migrated to Singapore earlier, Burmese follow their foot steps.  They tried to live in Singapore by various methods such as work permit, business, study in government and private institutions, etc… Most popular method is to study in Singapore because Singapore education is considered one of the best in the world.  Parents in our region like to send their children to study in Singapore. Another reason, Singapore has least criminal case in this region, peaceful and disciplined.  Now a lot of children from Asean study in Singapore although the cost is not cheap but if they study in private schools in other popular countries such as Australia, US and UK, etc…, cost will be much higher.  Most Burmese try to get entry into government schools to save cost. Some children, who are not qualified for government schools, entered private schools resulting higher cost. The most famous schools are "hotel management", "casino management", "art schools", "design schools" and some private style courses now run by SMU and NUS.  A lot of Language schools, business schools, accounting ACCA, LCCI schools, IT schools such as Informatics, etc… are now targeting foreign students. Benefit for student after getting their certificates is that they are allowed to work in Singapore.

Tax to Burmese Embassy
Most of the Burmese hate to go Burmese Embassy but they have no choice.  Government issues passport with about 45 pages only and validity of passport is 1 to 3 years.  If they want to extend their passport, they have to pay tax to Burmese government. Amount payable depends on their salary. Normally 10% of their salary is imposed to every Burmese all over the world exclusive of England which is still using double tax agreement. Most poly graduates and degree holders paid S$80 to 160 depending on their salary. For example, for a Burmese started working in Singapore since 1991 until now has already paid (150 dollars x 12 months x 16 years) 28,800 dollars to Embassy.  If monthly saving of S$150 for 16 years with 3% interest will be easily 40K.  Burmese cannot avoid this embassy tax because their passport can only be renewed by Embassy. If they want to visit home town in Burma, they also have to get certificate of tax clearance from Embassy. Paying tax to Singapore government is logical for Burmese working in Singapore but very strange to pay to Burmese Government.  Both countries have no double taxation agreement but Embassy made it legal collection by demanding everyone to write application letter, "I myself willing to pay tax to my country".  Some work permit holders work so hard as health assistance in old folks home and earn S$300 per month.  They are asked to pay S$40 to 60 dollars per month and it is 15% to 20% of their salary. It is unfair but there is no choice for all Burmese because they need to extend their passport validity.
A Burmese group called DTASG , "Double Taxation Agreement - Singapore"  started campaign in January 2007.  Today newspaper published widely on their movement for Embassy to stop taxing Burmese. The group sent signatures to Embassy, Myanmar government minister and even Singapore government body. But it is still an un-solved issue.  Now, after the Burma Monk Crisis, DTASG campaign initiated again.


 World Records
Burma is the most unfamiliar country in this region.  When Singaporeans visit to Myanmar, a lot of different or unexpected experiences will be observed.
Burmese people are very friendly and poor but mostly are educated at least secondary education. They love to read books. Burma has snowcapped mountains, at the same time they have very hot region like Africa. Climate similar to Singapore also can be found. Estimated 5 millions Chinese and 5 million Indian are mixed with local Burmese ethnics and they all speak Burmese language.  Local currency is called ‘Kyats’. Coins are no longer in use and notes are old and dirty.  Cars and trucks are not depreciative items, keeping them is considered investment, probably due to high inflation.  They carry monies with gunny sacks as no one trusts banks to save their money. World oldest generals are living in Burma.  To buy a hand phone line in Singapore cost nothing (of course with a contract) but in Burma, it  costs more than S$2000. To get internet access to home or office is very difficult.  ~S$20 is monthly income for basic worker. But rich people are getting very much richer. They owned many cars which are paid in cash not by installment. Middle class is disappearing.  To get a passport is quite difficult and costly.  If a Burmese passport is lost or stolen, a new passport will cost us S$1000 plus, and have to wait for months to get a new one. Burmese passport is required to have a visa for all countries. Even Burmese  who wants to visit his own country also must go to Embassy and get approval letter. Funny or strange!!

Burmese Groups
There are many un-official Burmese groups in Singapore.  The most famous and biggest  is called exRIT group.  In Burma, there was only one Engineering University called "Rangoon Institute of Technology - RIT".  Engineers who graduated from RIT are exRIT and they have annual gathering in Burmese New Year which falls on the same days as Thailand’s "Sonkran Festival".  We call it, "water festival" and throwing water to each other to welcome the New Year.  Normally it falls at second week of April. Since 2001, annual gathering started in Singapore together with "Saya Pu Zaw Pwe".   Saya means teacher in Burmese language.  In Burmese culture especially Buddhists, everyone paid respect to five most important things in their lives,  "Buddha, Dharma (teaching of Buddha),  Sangha (monks), parents and teachers".  Even for non-Buddhists, teachers are well respected in Burma. Pu Zaw Pwe means "paid respect"  which is to  "pay obeisance with one's hands clasped palm to palm and raised to touch one's forehead". Estimated 3000 engineering students invited their former teachers from Burma and abroad, and paid respect together inside the Toa Payoh Buddhist temple (Burmese Buddhist Temple). Burmese have  difficulty to form official groups due to the fact that military junta is actively monitoring Burmese activities in Singapore.  Junta’s intelligent agents (Military Intelligence, MI) are suspected living in  Singapore with Junta family and  protecting their businesses. Therefore, Burmese in Singapore are afraid to form an official Burmese society.  Most un-official groups are found in 5 Polytechnic schools and 3 Universities (NTU, NUS, SMU).  Their yahoo e-groups can be found in cyberspace.  Due to plenty of Burmese migrated to Singapore since 2005, many celebrities and artists from Myanmar are invited to music performances in Singapore. Famous singers entertain in Burmese. Burmese famous music bands like "Empire", "Iron Cross" and "Thu Maung traditional music group" are regular visiting to Singapore.  Also, a lot of famous Buddhist monks are invited to teach local Burmese and Chinese Buddhists.
Not only Engineering society, now geologist, doctor, nurse, lawyer, accountant, teacher also are already established in Singapore.  The strongest group is "healthcare group" with medical doctors, specialist doctors, nurses, x-ray, physiologist, dentist, etc… can be found in all Singapore hospitals. Local Polytechnic trained Burmese nurses can also be found in NUH, SGH, Mount E, Alexandra and Changhi hospital ..etc.

Next generation Burmese
Now, many Burmese are converting to Singapore citizenship especially younger generation.  Their main reason is to avoid paying Embassy tax which is huge amount to them. It is also to  get privileges from government for education grants, job opportunities and to hold Singapore passport. But majority are still holding Burmese passport with PR, Work permit, S-Pass and EP, etc…Off course, Myanmar education system also affected and Military General’s children also trying to study oversea. Very rich people and top military officer’s children can study to developed countries such as UK, Australia, USA, USA.  Majority students can not effort.  Only Singapore is a future education hub for Burmese youths. After they completed Diploma, Degree or Master, mostly they work in Singapore companies.   If Burma has a democratically elected government in the near future, some may be going back  to help build the country back which has lost all the infrastructures. But some Burmese are likely to stay put in Singapore and mixed with Singaporean in future. 
End.
  14-oct-2007   
Concern for Burma /Myanmar

Friday, July 27, 2018

ပြောင်းကြမလား အမေရိကား

ပြောင်းကြမလား အမေရိကား

အမေရိကားကို ကမ္ဘာအရပ်ရပ်ကလူတွေ ပြောင်းရွေ့အခြေချကြတဲ့အထဲမှာ မြန်မာတွေလည်း မနည်းလှ။ ၁၉၈၈နောက်ပိုင်းမှာ စစ်အစိုးရအဆက်ဆက်ရဲ့ ကျေးဇူးတော်တွေကြောင့် ရောက်လာခဲ့သူက အများစုပေါ့။

အမေရိကားဆိုတာ အိမ်မက်တောင်မမက်ဖူးကြပဲ ရောက်ခဲ့တာဆိုတော့ အခက်အခဲပေါင်းစုံက ရေးလို့တောင်ကုန်ဖွယ်မမြင်။ အခက်အခဲပေါင်းစုံထဲမှာ ပထမဆုံးအခက်အခဲကတော့ နေရေးပြသနာပဲ။ စား၊ဝတ်၊နေရေး လို့အသုံးရှိပေမဲ့ အမေရိကားမှာ စားနဲ့ဝတ်က ပြသနာမရှိ။ အစားအသောက်၊ အဝတ်အစားပေါတဲ့နိုင်ငံပေမဲ့ နေရေးကတော့ ခက်ကြတယ်။

မြန်မာတွေကြိုက်ကြတဲ့ ဆန်ဖရန်(San Francisco)၊ နယူးယော့ခ်(New York )၊ ဘော့စတွန်(Boston)၊ ဆန်ဟိုဆေး(San Jose) နဲ့ လော့စ်အိမ်ဂျလစ္စ(Los Angeles)တို့မှာဆို နေရေးအတွက် ပိုခက်ပါတယ်။ ဒီမြို့တွေက အိမ်ခန်းငှားခဈေးကြီးတဲ့ အမေရိကားမြို့ကြီးတွေစာရင်းမှာ တစ်ကနေငါးအထိ အစဉ်လိုက်ရပ်တည်နေကြပါတယ်။

အမေရိကားရဲ့ မြို့ကြီး (၂၅)မြို့က အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါတဲ့ အိမ်ခန်းတစ်ခုရဲ့ ပျမ်းမျှတစ်လစာအငှားပေါက်ဈေးကို အခြေခံပြီးတွက်ထားတဲ့  Business Insider Inc အဖွဲ့ရဲ့ စာရင်းတွေအရ ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ်ထဲက နာမည်ကျော် ဆန်ဖရန်စစ္စကိုမြို့က ဈေးအကြီးဆုံးဖြစ်ပြီး တန်နက်ဆီပြည်နယ်၊ မန်းဖစ်မြို့(Memphis ,Tennessee)က ဈေးအသက်သာဆုံးဖြစ်တယ်။

သူတို့အဖွဲ့က အိမ်ငှားခငွေကို စုစုပေါင်းဝင်ငွေရဲ့ ၂၈%ထက် မကျော်လွန်စေပဲ သက်တောင့်သက်သာ နေထိုင်နိုင်ဖို့လိုအပ်မဲ့ တစ်နှစ်စာဝင်ငွေကိုပါ တွက်ပေးထားတယ်။ အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါ အိမ်ခန်းတစ်ခုအတွက် အိမ်ငှားခနှုန်းထားတွေမှာ နယူးယော့ခ်(New York)က ကော်လိုရာဒိုပြည်နယ်ရဲ့ ဒန်ဗာမြို့( Denver, Colorado) ထက် နှစ်ဆဈေးများတယ်။ ဒါကိုကြည့်ရင် အမေရိကားမှာ နေထိုင်ကြသူတွေရဲ့ ဝင်ငွေအစိတ်အပိုင်း အများစုဟာ နေရေးအတွက် သုံးလိုက်ကြရတာကိုမြင်နိုင်ပါတယ်။

(၁) အမေရိကား အနောက်ဖက်ကမ်းရဲ့ နာမည်ကျော် ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ်မြောက်ပိုင်း ဆန်ဖရန်စစ္စကိုမြို့က အိမ်ခန်းငှားခ ဈေးအလွန်ကြီးတဲ့ နယူးယော့ခ်ကို ကျော်ပြီး နံပါတ်တစ်စွဲသွားပါတယ်။ အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါ အိမ်ခန်းတစ်လုံးရဲ့ ပျမ်းမျှအငှားဈေးနှုန်းက တစ်လကိုဒေါ်လာ(၄၃၈၂)ပါ။ ဒါကြောင့် တစ်နှစ်စာဝင်ငွေစုစုပေါင်းဒေါ်လာ(၁၈၇,၂၀၀) ရှိမှ အဆင်ပြေပြေ နေထိုင်နိုင်ပါလိမ့်မယ်။ တစ်နှစ်ကို ဒေါ်လာ တစ်သိန်းရှစ်သောင်း ခုနှစ်ထောင် ဆိုတာ အတော်များတဲ့ ဝင်ငွေပါ။ မောင်လူပေဆိုရင် နှစ်ကိုယ်ခွဲလုပ်မှ ရမဲ့ဝင်ငွေမျိုးပေါ့။

(၂) မြန်မာတွေကြိုက်တဲ့ နယူးယော့ခ်မြို့ကြီးကတော့ အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါ အိမ်ခန်းတစ်ခုအတွက် ပျမ်းမျှငှားခက တစ်လကိုဒေါ်လာ(၃၇၈၉)နဲ့ ဒုတိယလိုက်တယ်။ ဒါကြောင့်တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေဒေါ်လာ(၁၆၂,၃၈၆)ရှိရင် အဆင်ပြေပြေနေနိုင်ပါ့မယ်။

(၃)အမေရိကား အရှေ့ဖက်ကမ်းမှာ နယူးယော့ခ်ပြီးရင် မြန်မာတွေကြိုက်ကြတာက ဘော့စတွန်ပါ။ မန်စတာချူးဆက်ပြည်နည်မှာ တည်ရှိပါတယ်။ အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါ အိမ်ခန်းငှားခ ပျမ်းမျှ ဒေါ်လာ(၃,၃၅၆)ရှိပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ ဒေါ်လာ(၁၄၃,၈၂၉)လိုပါ့မယ်။

(၄)ကမ္ဘာကြီးရဲ့ နည်းပညာဈေးကွက်ကို ကြီးစိုးထားတဲ့ ဆီလီကွန်တောင်ကြားတည်ရှိရာ ဆန်ဟိုဆေးမြို့တဝိုက်က ဆန်ဖရန်စစ္စကိုမြို့နဲ့ မိုင်ငါးဆယ်လောက်ပဲဝေးတယ်။ တစ်နာရီလောက် ကားမောင်းရင်ရောက်ပြီပေါ့။ ဆန်ဟိုဆေးမြို့ရဲ့ အိပ်ခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါအိမ်ခန်းငှားခက တစ်လကိုပျမ်းမျှ(၂,၈၇၈)ဒေါ်လာ ကျသင့်ပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ(၁၂၃,၃၄၃)ရှိရင် ရပါပြီ။

(၅)ဟောလိဝုဒ်ဆိုလူတိုင်းသိ။ ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ်တောင်ပိုင်းမှာရှိတယ်။ လော့စ် အိန်ဂျလစ္စမြို့တစ်ဝိုက်ပေါ့။ ဒီမြို့ကြီးက မြန်မာပြည်ရာသီဥတုနဲ့တူလို့ မြန်မာတွေကြိုက်ကြတယ်။ အိမ်ခန်းငှားခ တစ်လပျမ်းမျှ(၂,၇၇၃)လောက်ပေးနိုင်ရင် ရပြီ။ ဒါကြောင့်  တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေဒေါ်လာ(၁၁၈,၈၄၃)လောက် လိုအပ်ပါ့မယ်။

ဒါကတော့ အမေရိကားမှာ လူအများကြိုက်လို့ နေစားရိတ်ကြီးတဲ့ မြို့ငါးမြို့စာရင်းပါ။ မြို့ပေါင်း (၂၅)မြို့ထဲမှာ ထိပ်ဆုံးက ရပ်တည်နေတယ်။ နေစားရိတ်သက်သာတဲ့ မြို့တွေလည်းရှိပါသေးတယ်။ နံပါတ်အောက်ဆုံးကမြို့တွေပေါ့။

(၂၁) အာရီဇိုးနားပြည်နယ်၊ ဖီးနစ်မြို့(Phoenix, Arizona) ကတော့ အိမ်ငှားခ(၁၀,၄၀)။ လိုအပ်မဲ့တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ(၄၄,၅၇၁)ပါ။

(၂၂)အိုဟိုင်းယိုးပြည်နယ်၊ ကိုလံဘတ်မြို့(Columbus,Ohio)မှာဆိုရင် အိမ်ငှားခ(၉၁၇)ပဲကြသင့်လို့ တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ(၃၉,၃၀၀)ဆိုရပြီ။

(၂၃)အင်ဒီယားနားပြည်နယ်၊ အင်ဒီယားနားပူးလိစ်မြို့(Indianapolis,Indiana)မှာ အိမ်ငှားခ(၈၅၁)ပဲ။ တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ(၃၆,၅၁၄)ပဲလိုမယ်။

(၂၄)တက္ကဆက်ပြည်နယ်၊ အယ်လ်ပါဆိုမြို့(El Paso,Texas )မှာ အိမ်ငှားခ(၇၇၃)ပဲမို့ တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေ(၃၃,၁၂၉)ဆိုရပါပြီ။

(၂၅)မြို့ကြီးတွေစာရင်းမှာ အသက်သာဆုံးအိမ်ငှားနိုင်မဲ့မြို့ကတော့ တန်နက်ဆီပြည်နယ်၊ မန်းဖစ်မြို့( Memphis,Tennessee)ပါ။ အခန်းနှစ်ခန်းပါ အိမ်ခန်းငှားခ(၇၆၉)ပဲကြသင့်မယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် တစ်နှစ်ဝင်ငွေဒေါ်လာ(၃၂,၉၅၇)ပဲ လိုအပ်ပါ့မယ်။

ဒီတော့ တတ်နိုင်ရင်တတ်နိုင်သလောက်နဲ့ နေလို့ရမဲ့မြို့တွေရွေးလို့ရလောက်ပြီပေါ့။ အမေရိကားမှာပြောင်းရွှေ့အခြေချကြမဲ့ မောင်လူပေရဲ့မိတ်ဆွေများအတွက် သတင်းဖလှယ်တဲ့သဘောပါ။(For your information)

ငွေထုတ်ကိုင်ပြီးဝင်လာ၊ ရောက်တာနဲ့အိမ်ဝယ်လိုသူတွေအတွက်လည်း သတင်းကောင်းပါးချင်သေးတယ်။ မိုးပေါ်တက်နေတဲ့အိမ်ဈေးတွေ ငြိမ်သွားပါပြီ။ မကြာမီ အနည်းငယ်ပြန်ကျဖို့ ရှိပါကြောင်း။ အဲဒီအချိန်စောင့်ပြီး စိတ်ကြိုက် ဝယ်ယူနိုင်ကြပါတယ်လို့စ်။

(အိမ်ပွဲစား မဟုတ်ဘူးနော်။ အိမ်မရှာခိုင်းကြနဲ့ဦး။ 😄)

ချစ်တဲ့

မောင်လူပေ
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10156776627211122&id=736046121




ေျပာင္းၾကမလား အေမရိကား

အေမရိကားကို ကမ႓ာအရပ္ရပ္ကလူေတြ ေျပာင္းေရြ႕အေျခခ်ၾကတဲ့အထဲမွာ ျမန္မာေတြလည္း မနည္းလွ။ ၁၉၈၈ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာ စစ္အစိုးရအဆက္ဆက္ရဲ႕ ေက်းဇူးေတာ္ေတြေၾကာင့္ ေရာက္လာခဲ့သူက အမ်ားစုေပါ့။

အေမရိကားဆိုတာ အိမ္မက္ေတာင္မမက္ဖူးၾကပဲ ေရာက္ခဲ့တာဆိုေတာ့ အခက္အခဲေပါင္းစံုက ေရးလို႔ေတာင္ကုန္ဖြယ္မျမင္။ အခက္အခဲေပါင္းစံုထဲမွာ ပထမဆံုးအခက္အခဲကေတာ့ ေနေရးျပသနာပဲ။ စား၊ဝတ္၊ေနေရး လို႔အသံုးရွိေပမဲ့ အေမရိကားမွာ စားနဲ႔ဝတ္က ျပသနာမရွိ။ အစားအေသာက္၊ အဝတ္အစားေပါတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံေပမဲ့ ေနေရးကေတာ့ ခက္ၾကတယ္။

ျမန္မာေတြႀကိဳက္ၾကတဲ့ ဆန္ဖရန္(San Francisco)၊ နယူးေယာ့ခ္(New York )၊ ေဘာ့စတြန္(Boston)၊ ဆန္ဟိုေဆး(San Jose) နဲ႔ ေလာ့စ္အိမ္ဂ်လစၥ(Los Angeles)တို႔မွာဆို ေနေရးအတြက္ ပိုခက္ပါတယ္။ ဒီၿမိဳ႕ေတြက အိမ္ခန္းငွားခေစ်းႀကီးတဲ့ အေမရိကားၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးေတြစာရင္းမွာ တစ္ကေနငါးအထိ အစဥ္လိုက္ရပ္တည္ေနၾကပါတယ္။

အေမရိကားရဲ႕ ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီး (၂၅)ၿမိဳ႕က အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါတဲ့ အိမ္ခန္းတစ္ခုရဲ႕ ပ်မ္းမွ်တစ္လစာအငွားေပါက္ေစ်းကို အေျခခံၿပီးတြက္ထားတဲ့  Business Insider Inc အဖြဲ႕ရဲ႕ စာရင္းေတြအရ ကယ္လီဖိုးနီးယားျပည္နယ္ထဲက နာမည္ေက်ာ္ ဆန္ဖရန္စစၥကိုၿမိဳ႕က ေစ်းအႀကီးဆံုးျဖစ္ၿပီး တန္နက္ဆီျပည္နယ္၊ မန္းဖစ္ၿမိဳ႕(Memphis ,Tennessee)က ေစ်းအသက္သာဆံုးျဖစ္တယ္။

သူတို႔အဖြဲ႕က အိမ္ငွားခေငြကို စုစုေပါင္းဝင္ေငြရဲ႕ ၂၈%ထက္ မေက်ာ္လြန္ေစပဲ သက္ေတာင့္သက္သာ ေနထိုင္ႏိုင္ဖို႔လိုအပ္မဲ့ တစ္ႏွစ္စာဝင္ေငြကိုပါ တြက္ေပးထားတယ္။ အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါ အိမ္ခန္းတစ္ခုအတြက္ အိမ္ငွားခႏႈန္းထားေတြမွာ နယူးေယာ့ခ္(New York)က ေကာ္လိုရာဒိုျပည္နယ္ရဲ႕ ဒန္ဗာၿမိဳ႕( Denver, Colorado) ထက္ ႏွစ္ဆေစ်းမ်ားတယ္။ ဒါကိုၾကည့္ရင္ အေမရိကားမွာ ေနထိုင္ၾကသူေတြရဲ႕ ဝင္ေငြအစိတ္အပိုင္း အမ်ားစုဟာ ေနေရးအတြက္ သံုးလိုက္ၾကရတာကိုျမင္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။

(၁) အေမရိကား အေနာက္ဖက္ကမ္းရဲ႕ နာမည္ေက်ာ္ ကယ္လီဖိုးနီးယားျပည္နယ္ေျမာက္ပိုင္း ဆန္ဖရန္စစၥကိုၿမိဳ႕က အိမ္ခန္းငွားခ ေစ်းအလြန္ႀကီးတဲ့ နယူးေယာ့ခ္ကို ေက်ာ္ၿပီး နံပါတ္တစ္စြဲသြားပါတယ္။ အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါ အိမ္ခန္းတစ္လံုးရဲ႕ ပ်မ္းမွ်အငွားေစ်းႏႈန္းက တစ္လကိုေဒၚလာ(၄၃၈၂)ပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ တစ္ႏွစ္စာဝင္ေငြစုစုေပါင္းေဒၚလာ(၁၈၇,၂၀၀) ရွိမွ အဆင္ေျပေျပ ေနထိုင္ႏိုင္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ တစ္ႏွစ္ကို ေဒၚလာ တစ္သိန္းရွစ္ေသာင္း ခုႏွစ္ေထာင္ ဆိုတာ အေတာ္မ်ားတဲ့ ဝင္ေငြပါ။ ေမာင္လူေပဆိုရင္ ႏွစ္ကိုယ္ခြဲလုပ္မွ ရမဲ့ဝင္ေငြမိ်ဳးေပါ့။

(၂) ျမန္မာေတြႀကိဳက္တဲ့ နယူးေယာ့ခ္ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးကေတာ့ အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါ အိမ္ခန္းတစ္ခုအတြက္ ပ်မ္းမွ်ငွားခက တစ္လကိုေဒၚလာ(၃၇၈၉)နဲ႔ ဒုတိယလိုက္တယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြေဒၚလာ(၁၆၂,၃၈၆)ရွိရင္ အဆင္ေျပေျပေနႏိုင္ပါ့မယ္။

(၃)အေမရိကား အေရွ႕ဖက္ကမ္းမွာ နယူးေယာ့ခ္ၿပီးရင္ ျမန္မာေတြႀကိဳက္ၾကတာက ေဘာ့စတြန္ပါ။ မန္စတာခ်ဴးဆက္ျပည္နည္မွာ တည္ရွိပါတယ္။ အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါ အိမ္ခန္းငွားခ ပ်မ္းမွ် ေဒၚလာ(၃,၃၅၆)ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ ေဒၚလာ(၁၄၃,၈၂၉)လိုပါ့မယ္။

(၄)ကမ႓ာႀကီးရဲ႕ နည္းပညာေစ်းကြက္ကို ႀကီးစိုးထားတဲ့ ဆီလီကြန္ေတာင္ၾကားတည္ရွိရာ ဆန္ဟိုေဆးျမိဳ႕တဝိုက္က ဆန္ဖရန္စစၥကိုၿမိဳ႕နဲ႔ မိုင္ငါးဆယ္ေလာက္ပဲေဝးတယ္။ တစ္နာရီေလာက္ ကားေမာင္းရင္ေရာက္ၿပီေပါ့။ ဆန္ဟိုေဆးၿမိဳ႕ရဲ႕ အိပ္ခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါအိမ္ခန္းငွားခက တစ္လကိုပ်မ္းမွ်(၂,၈၇၈)ေဒၚလာ က်သင့္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ(၁၂၃,၃၄၃)ရွိရင္ ရပါၿပီ။

(၅)ေဟာလိဝုဒ္ဆိုလူတိုင္းသိ။ ကယ္လီဖိုးနီးယားျပည္နယ္ေတာင္ပိုင္းမွာရွိတယ္။ ေလာ့စ္ အိန္ဂ်လစၥျမိဳ႕တစ္ဝိုက္ေပါ့။ ဒီၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးက ျမန္မာျပည္ရာသီဥတုနဲ႔တူလို႔ ျမန္မာေတြႀကိဳက္ၾကတယ္။ အိမ္ခန္းငွားခ တစ္လပ်မ္းမွ်(၂,၇၇၃)ေလာက္ေပးႏိုင္ရင္ ရၿပီ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္  တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြေဒၚလာ(၁၁၈,၈၄၃)ေလာက္ လိုအပ္ပါ့မယ္။

ဒါကေတာ့ အေမရိကားမွာ လူအမ်ားႀကိဳက္လို႔ ေနစားရိတ္ႀကီးတဲ့ ၿမိဳ႕ငါးၿမိဳ႕စာရင္းပါ။ ျမိဳ႕ေပါင္း (၂၅)ၿမိဳ႕ထဲမွာ ထိပ္ဆံုးက ရပ္တည္ေနတယ္။ ေနစားရိတ္သက္သာတဲ့ ၿမိဳ႕ေတြလည္းရွိပါေသးတယ္။ နံပါတ္ေအာက္ဆံုးကၿမိဳ႕ေတြေပါ့။

(၂၁) အာရီဇိုးနားျပည္နယ္၊ ဖီးနစ္ၿမိဳ႕(Phoenix, Arizona) ကေတာ့ အိမ္ငွားခ(၁၀,၄၀)။ လိုအပ္မဲ့တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ(၄၄,၅၇၁)ပါ။

(၂၂)အိုဟိုင္းယိုးျပည္နယ္၊ ကိုလံဘတ္ၿမိဳ႕(Columbus,Ohio)မွာဆိုရင္ အိမ္ငွားခ(၉၁၇)ပဲၾကသင့္လို႔ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ(၃၉,၃၀၀)ဆိုရၿပီ။

(၂၃)အင္ဒီယားနားျပည္နယ္၊ အင္ဒီယားနားပူးလိစ္ၿမိဳ႕(Indianapolis,Indiana)မွာ အိမ္ငွားခ(၈၅၁)ပဲ။ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ(၃၆,၅၁၄)ပဲလိုမယ္။

(၂၄)တကၠဆက္ျပည္နယ္၊ အယ္လ္ပါဆိုၿမိဳ႕(El Paso,Texas )မွာ အိမ္ငွားခ(၇၇၃)ပဲမို႔ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြ(၃၃,၁၂၉)ဆိုရပါၿပီ။

(၂၅)ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးေတြစာရင္းမွာ အသက္သာဆံုးအိမ္ငွားႏိုင္မဲ့ၿမိဳ႕ကေတာ့ တန္နက္ဆီျပည္နယ္၊ မန္းဖစ္ၿမိဳ႕( Memphis,Tennessee)ပါ။ အခန္းႏွစ္ခန္းပါ အိမ္ခန္းငွားခ(၇၆၉)ပဲၾကသင့္မယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ တစ္ႏွစ္ဝင္ေငြေဒၚလာ(၃၂,၉၅၇)ပဲ လိုအပ္ပါ့မယ္။

ဒီေတာ့ တတ္ႏိုင္ရင္တတ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္နဲ႔ ေနလို႔ရမဲ့ၿမိဳ႕ေတြေရြးလို႔ရေလာက္ၿပီေပါ့။ အေမရိကားမွာေျပာင္းေရႊ႕အေျခခ်ၾကမဲ့ ေမာင္လူေပရဲ႕မိတ္ေဆြမ်ားအတြက္ သတင္းဖလွယ္တဲ့သေဘာပါ။(For your information)

ေငြထုတ္ကိုင္ၿပီးဝင္လာ၊ ေရာက္တာနဲ႔အိမ္ဝယ္လိုသူေတြအတြက္လည္း သတင္းေကာင္းပါးခ်င္ေသးတယ္။ မိုးေပၚတက္ေနတဲ့အိမ္ေစ်းေတြ ၿငိမ္သြားပါၿပီ။ မၾကာမီ အနည္းငယ္ျပန္က်ဖို႔ ရွိပါေၾကာင္း။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္ေစာင့္ၿပီး စိတ္ႀကိဳက္ ဝယ္ယူႏိုင္ၾကပါတယ္လို႔စ္။

(အိမ္ပြဲစား မဟုတ္ဘူးေနာ္။ အိမ္မရွာခိုင္းၾကနဲ႔ဦး။ 😄)

ခ်စ္တဲ့

ေမာင္လူေပ
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10156776627211122&id=736046121